Statistics case memo Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

One Nation Under Wal-Mart an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

One Nation Under Wal-Mart Wal-Mart Stores, Inc was established in 1962 by Sam Walton and it was joined in 1969. It previously showed up on the New York stock trade in 1972. It is the biggest private manager around the world. In United States, it has an expected 20% of the retail basic food item and 45% of the retail toy business. This makes it the biggest basic food item retailer that exists in United States. Wal-Mart has its activities in United Kingdom as ASDA, Mexico as Walmex and Japan as the Seiyu Co. Ltd. Anyway in 2006, activities in South Korea and Germany must be shut and sold by the board in view of a profoundly serious market and continued misfortunes that it had brought about (Davies 1997). Need article test on One Nation Under Wal-Mart point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue Our Customers Often Tell EssayLab journalists: What amount do I need to pay somebody to make my article now? Experts propose: Essay Help Provided Here With Beneficial Facilities! Modest Essays Not Plagiarized Professional Writer For Hire Do My Assignment Best Essay Writing Company The Wal-Mart stores, division of the United States is the biggest business auxiliary bringing about the 67.2% net deals of the financial year 2006. The Wal-shop stores, Inc, additionally works under two portions: the Sams CLUB and the Wal-Mart stores sections. Supercenters, Walmart.com, neighborhood markets and rebate stores contain the Wal-shop stores portions. The local markets is included solidified food, paper products, pharmaceuticals, family synthetic substances, photograph handling, dry basic food item, pastry shop, meat, pet supplies, excellence helps and general product offices (Shaw Barry 2007). Presently, Wal-shop is probably the biggest organization on the planet and has made quite a bit of its encouraging in retail. It has in excess of 4,750 stores with an expected 138 million customers who visit these stores week by week. The organization has figured out how to overcome pretty much every edge of America expanding its fortifications in both the provincial South and Midwest and furthermore urban America. The companys commercial center is ground-breaking to such an extent that it is assessed that 82% of the families in America buy a thing from Wal-Mart yearly. Families staples are controlled at 30% of the market, 15% and 15-20% everything being equal and all CDs are sold individually. Wal-Mart is likewise behind the importation of 10% of all merchandise from China to United States (Shaw Barry 2007). Answers to Discussion Questions Question one I for one like Wal-Mart as a shopper since it is the biggest retail organization that exists in United States of America. I shop at Wal-Marts every now and again on the grounds that the costs offered at Wal-bazaars are less expensive contrasted with other retail locations in my general vicinity of living arrangement. Aside from the low costs it assurances to customers, it additionally offers a wide scope of items going from gadgets, photograph preparing and toys to basic food item items. These things are promptly accessible consistently and at moderate costs. I like Wal-Mart stores in view of the different exercises that it offers to human humankind and other improvement exercises all inclusive. It utilizes about 1.8 million individuals worldwide in the in excess of 3,900 stores in United States of America and in excess of 2,799 stores in the west of the world (Shaw Barry 2007). Notwithstanding the modest costs that Wal-Mart offers, I don't care for its arrangements with respect to its representatives. This is on the grounds that laborers in Wal-Mart store gain low wages; they are additionally given low paces of the worker medical coverage, instances of supposed sexism and a large group of different issues. Question two There is a Wal-Mart store in my general vicinity of home that offers a wide scope of items. The effect of the store on the neighborhood network has been blended. The Wal-Mart store has made both positive and negative consequences for the nearby purchasers subsequently changing buyer conduct too. Wal-Mart store has had a greater amount of negative impacts to my locale when contrasted with the beneficial things it has accomplished for us. It has had a lot of accomplishment on customers part through the modest and reasonable costs of products it offers henceforth pulling in a significant enormous number of shoppers who want to buy from the store than buying from different stores. Another positive effect that Wal-Mart has made in my general vicinity of living arrangement is business age to the neighborhood network. Its numerous stores that are spread all through the state make many profession chances to a great many people who are jobless. Anyway the negative effects that Wal-Mart store has made in my locale outperforms by a long shot the great angles that it has delivered. Wal-Mart store has expanded rivalry with the different business because of the lower costs it offers constraining different business to shut down despite the fact that they were set up some time in the past before Wal-Marts presence in the network. Purchasers have decided to go to Wal-Mart and this has incredibly influenced the deals of these different organizations that thus make misfortunes along these lines. At the end of the day, Wal-Mart has demolished other neighborhood organizations in my general vicinity of home. In spite of the work creation that Wal-shop offers, one worker turnover rate has been high in my locale due to the low pay rate it offers to its representatives. A section from the low compensation rates, these representatives have restricted advantages given to them joined by the low paces of medical coverage. This has come about i nto shopper opposition that begins with the representatives themselves. Due to these variables costs have been moved to the citizens and different organizations that are compelled to pay the underinsured workers of Wal-Mart in a roundabout way. Because of the poor compensation that Wal-Mart offers to the representatives in my locale, these laborers have been compelled to depend on food stamps, open guide, lodging vouchers and state wellbeing appropriations in addition to other things. Also, because of the low work costs it offers, the makers of customer products in my general vicinity have been compelled to lessen their work costs too consequently driving them bankrupt. The Wal-Mart store in my locale has gotten disagreeable yet it offers modest costs for products and enterprises. It appears to work out for purchasers who are just purchasers of these products yet for laborers, makers and different foundations, it has accomplished more mischief than anything. I would bolster the possibility of an adversary new store to be opened in my general vicinity that will offer extraordinary rivalry to Wal-Mart. I would bolster whatever other new organization that is prepared to build up high worker norms than what Wal-Mart is as of now offering. I won't be agreeable to some other extra Wal-Mart branch opening in my locale in light of the fact that Wal-Mart has low norms for its laborers in spite of the low costs it presently offers for its products and enterprises. It has low business morals with respect to workers. Presenting another part of its own will prompt syndication rehearses in the network. Question Three I feel that the ascent to retail predominance by Wal-shop would affect the general public adversely. Retail predominance implies that Wal-Mart directs different organizations just as shopper conduct in a general public. Rivalry is made between Wal-Mart and different organizations, for example, the general stores who can't adapt to the low expenses of merchandise that Wal-Mart offers since they (markets) get their products likely at a greater expense thus bringing down would mean creation misfortunes in their business. Ascend in retail strength will result to Wal-Marts correspondence on what it offers both the purchaser and representatives as far as nature of items and wages individually. Predominance by Wal-Mart will simply mean one more advancement of private enterprise and Walmartization in America. Free enterprise is a sort of monetary framework whereby a bigger piece of creation and conveyance is exclusive simply like what we see in Wal-Mart. Business morals for this situation will undoubtedly go down in view of the strength such morals include: the work practices and personal satisfaction that will be offered to the representatives. Subsequently strength makes free enterprise and this implies Wal-Marts retail predominance will make the creation and conveyance procedures to be totally possessed by Wal-Mart. Retail Dominance will negatively affect laborers. This implies the approach of the laborers will be controlled by Wal-Mart laborers will keep accepting low wages and there will be significant occupation lay-offs. The turnover rate will be high and furthermore the expenses on the citizen will be expanded. Question four A retailer can get two enormous and consequently ground-breaking. This can be found on account of Wal-Mart as it controls the costs it purchases merchandise with. The low retail value it offers has had major unfavorable impacts on different organizations and it has acquainted significant expenses with these organizations. This has applied a ton of weight on these organizations. Wal-bazaar Company can be supposed to be an incredible organization in the around the world. A section from being the universes biggest retailer, Wal-Mart is additionally the biggest organization overall outperforming General engines, Exxon Mobil and General Electronic. It applies its capacity to set up the most minimal costs to its buyers. Wal-Mart has the ability to direct costs, consequently different business or makers need to lay off their representatives or close their plants and in this manner, they select abroad items. All in all, I concur that a retailer can turn out to be excessively ground-breaking similarly as experienced in Wal-Marts case. Question Five As I would see it, I don't think the restriction of Wal-Marts extension process is causing any impedance with out market forms yet it could be a piece of a political procedure in that lawmakers discolor the companys name to increase political votes. Legislators could be utilizing the shortcomings of the organization so as to pick up their political stand and quality. Then again I think the rivals of Wal-shop have legitimate concerns. This is on the grounds that Wal-Mart inadequately pays its representatives by offering low wages to them. Wal-Mart has mama

B?nking Job Guid? D?finiti?n, R?l??, Tasks, and H?w to Ent?r into this Lu?r?tiv? C?r??r

B?nking Job Guid? D?finiti?n, R?l??, Tasks, and H?w to Ent?r into this Lu?r?tiv? C?r??r Now i? a great tim? t? pursue a career in the b?nking ?nd financial indu?tri??. Th? ???n?m? is b?un?ing b??k ?nd th??? industries ?r? r???v?ring fr?m a diffi?ult ?tr?t?h.There ?r? so many ??r??r ??th?, it’? diffi?ult t? profile them ?ll in ?n? place!Whether ??u h?v? ?n Associate’s degree, B??h?l?r’? ?r M??t?r’? … ??u ??n find ????rtuniti?? ?t a b?nk or in fin?n??.The following article ?r?vid?? im??rt?nt information ?b?ut a career in b?nking.Y?u will learn wh?t th? diff?r?nt types ?f jobs in b?nking ?r?, wh?r? th??? ?r?f???i?n?l? w?rk, their j?b duti??, how to become various types ?f b?nking ?r?f???i?n?l?, and more.BUT FIRST ?FF, WH? ARE BANKERS?B? d?finiti?n: a b?nk?r is an individu?l who is ?ng?g?d in the bu?in??? ?f banking.In 1899, the United St?t?? Su?r?m? Court (Austen) u??d th??? words:A b?nk?r is a tr?d?r who bu?? money, ?r m?n?? ?nd d?bt?, b? ?r??ting ?th?r debts, whi?h h? d??? with hi? credit exchanging f?r a d?bt ????bl? in th? futur? one ????bl? ?n d?m?nd.Th? f ir?t bu?in??? ?f a b?nk?r i? n?t to lend money to ?th?r?, but t? collect money fr?m ?th?r?.A banker (i?) a d??l?r in capital, or, more ?r???rl?, a d??l?r in m?n??. H? i? ?n intermediate ??rt? b?tw??n th? b?rr?w?r ?nd th? l?nd?r. H? b?rr?w? of ?n? party ?nd l?nd? t? ?n?th?r.A b?nk?r is ?n ?m?l???? ?f a b?nk or fin?n?i?l institution wh? services th? fin?n?i?l n??d? ?f clients. B?nk?r? are essentially mediators f?r investors ?nd f?r people wh? want t? ??ll th?ir inv??tm?nt?.Wh?n a b?nk?r accepts funds from a ?u?t?m?r, the m?n?? is invested in v?ri?u? d?bt ?nd ??uit? inv??tm?nt? with a ??rt?in ?i?ld. B?nk?r? ?l?? are r????n?ibl? f?r ?h??king what th? ?r?dit risk i? for customers wh? are trying t? g?t a l??n.B?nk?r? ?l?? ?r? in ?h?rg? ?f ??t?bli?hing g??d r?l?ti?n?hi?? with ?u?t?m?r?, ?nd f?r planning and delivering ??l?? ?tr?t?gi?? in banking investments.B?nk?r? ?l?? a v?r? important r?l? in th? ???n?m? b???u?? ????l? use b?nk? t? deposit money ?nd t? ??t?bli?h a financial r???rd ?nd cr edit over time. It w?uld t?k? ?ft?n ???r? ?r decades f?r th? t??i??l ??r??n t? ??v? enough m?n?? t? buy a h?m? ?r a car, ?r to ?t?rt a bu?in???.B?nk? ?r?vid? consumers ?nd bu?in????? with loans so th?t business can be ??ndu?t?d. Thi? h?l?? b?th th? individu?l, th? ??m??n? and also h?l?? to ?ir?ul?t? m?n?? in th? ?ntir? ???n?m?.N?t? th?t the ??tiviti?? ?f b?nk?r? will vary depending ?n if th?? are working r?t?il, ??mm?r?i?l ?r ??r??r?t? b?nking.A ??mm?n type of b?nk?r i? ?n inv??tm?nt b?nk?r, who ??nn??t? bu?in????? that ?r? in need of m?n?? t? fin?n?? their bu?in??? or ?l?n? t? ?x??nd, with ??t?nti?l inv??t?r? wh? w?nt t? ?r?vid? funding for a r?t? ?f r?turn.Thi? process i? kn?wn ?? underwriting, whi?h i? th? major ?ur???? ?f the t??i??l investment b?nk.Here is a ?im?li?ti? example of h?w a b?nk h?ndl?? that n??dJ?hn i? l??king to ??f?gu?rd his m?n?? b? d????iting it ?t a b?nk. Th? bank ?gr??? to ??? John an interest rate of 1% for th? use of J?hn’? d????it?d money.M?r?, wh? i? l? ?king to bu? a house, comes t? the b?nk looking t? b?rr?w m?n?? for th? ?ur?h??? of th? house.Thr?ugh ?n ???li??ti?n ?r????? wh?r? the bank analyzes M?r?’? income ?nd ?r?dit score, th? b?nk l??n? her the money (fr?m John’s d????it as w?ll ?? ?th?r?) ?nd charges M?r? 6% int?r??t f?r th? lif? ?f th? l??n.Th? bank th?n t?k?? the d????it?d capital and l?nd? it out to Mary ?? a l??n to bu? a house (known as a m?rtg?g?).Th? b?nk m?k?? their m?n?? ?n th? diff?r?n?? between wh?t they ??? depositors and wh?t th?? lend t? b?rr?w?r?. L?t’? ??? d????it?r? g?t 1% fr?m th? b?nk for their ????t? ?nd th? b?nk l??n? ?ut these d????it? as m?rtg?g?? ?t 6%.The diff?r?nce b?tw??n these two r?t??, th? n?t interest margin, is 5%.On a $300,000 loan, that ??u?l? $15,000 in interest ??r year. Thi? i? the ?r?fit ?n the l??n f?r the b?nk ??r year, ???uming th? bank k??t th? l??n on their books. Mortgage l??n? are t??i??ll? 30 ???r? in length ?? this i? ?uit? ?r?fit?bl? f?r the b?nk.DUTIES OF A BANKERB?nk ?r? usually d? ??m? ?r all ?f these duti??:Help b?nk ?u?t?m?r? t? r???h their fin?n?i?l goals thr?ugh th? use ?f th? bank’s products ?nd ??rvi???.Safeguard ?u?t?m?r ????t? ?nd create ???itiv? ???h fl?w thr?ugh the i??uing of loans.Provide initial public ?ff?ring? as well as m?rg?r? ?nd ???ui?iti?n?.Ob?? F?d?r?l R???rv? guid?lin?? t? ensure that ?u?t?m?r? are able t? ?????? fund? without delay ?r int?rru?ti?nS?ll v?ri?u? fin?n?i?l ?r?du?t? and investments t? customersM??t with ??r??r?t? ?r ??r??n?l ?li?nt?, ?nd li?t?n to th?ir needs and g??l?M?? ?u??rvi?? l??n ?ffi??r? and fin?n?i?l ?ffi??r?WH?T ?R? THE DIFF?R?NT TYPES ?F B?NK?R??P?r??n?l B?nk?r?Personal bankers w?rk in r?t?il b?nking br?n?h?? ?nd assist customers with v?ri?u? n??d?, such ?? ???ning checking and ??ving? accounts; ?bt?ining mortgage and ?ut? l??n?; inv??ting in ??rtifi??t?? ?f d????it (CD?), money markets ?nd ?th?r commercial b?nking ?r?du?t?; and ?l?nning f?r r?tir?m?nt or ??ll?g?.Whil? inv??tm?nt b?nk?r? work m??t l? with in?tituti?n?l investors, ??r??n?l b?nk?r? w?rk ?rim?ril? with ?v?r?d?? ????l?.In ?th?r w?rd?, Personal b?nk?r? are the individuals r????n?ibl? f?r managing and overseeing th? fin?n??? in a clients ??r??n?l b?nk ????unt. Whil? d???nd?nt ?n th? duties of th? b?nk?r, m?n? in this fi?ld ?r? expected to h?v? a bachelors d?gr?? in finance.M??t bank br?n?h ?ffi??? h?v? a ‘personal b?nk?r’ (or r?t?il banker) in?id? th?t ??n h?ndl? th? n??d? of individuals ?ut?id? of b??i? t?ll?r, ?h??king ?nd ??ving? n??d?.F?r example, if ??u h?v? a l?rg? b?l?n?? ?itting in your ?h??king ?r ??ving? account, ??u may receive a ??ll fr?m ??m??n? fr?m the b?nk who will try ?nd offer different w??? t? h?ndl? that inv??tm?nt f?r you, maybe thr?ugh ?ur?h??? of certain b?nk ?r?du?t? lik? CD? ?r to ???n ?n investment ????unt for college savings ?r r?tir?m?nt.SkillsThe ability to forge ?nd maintain strong r?l?ti?n?hi?? within the ??mmunit? i? b? far th? m??t im??rt?nt ?kill for a ??r??n?l b?nk?r.Th? fin?n ?i?l ?r?du?t? themselves ?r? n?t ??rti?ul?rl? ??m?l?x and d? n?t r??uir? ?n MBA ?r preternatural math ?kill? t? und?r?t?nd.Thi? is not inv??tm?nt b?nking, where esoteric t?rm? such ?? interest rate ?w??, ?r?dit d?f?ult ?w?? ?nd ??ll?t?r?liz?d d?bt obligation ?ft?n come u? in client ??nv?r??ti?n?.M??t ??r??n?l b?nking ?r?du?t? ?r? straightforward, but th? ??r??n?l b?nk?r h?? t? make th? ?li?nt comfortable ?n?ugh t? w?nt to purchase them with him.Edu??ti?n?l r??uir?m?nt? v?r? fr?m b?nk to bank. Unlike l?w or m?di?in?, th? indu?tr? only requires a high ??h??l diploma.For th??? in ??ll?g? wh? ?r? ??n?id?ring ??r??n?l b?nking, a bu?in??? d?gr??, particularly with a ??n??ntr?ti?n in ???n?mi?? or fin?n??, is the way t? g?.P?? and H?ur?Personal b?nk?r? m?k? ??d??tri?n ??l?ri??, ??rti?ul?rl? ??m??r?d t? th?ir investment banking ??u?in?. Th? ?v?r?g? ???rl? b??? salary is $37,000, according t? Gl???d??r. Ev?r? b?nk? pay ?tru?tur? i? a little diff?r?nt, but ?lm??t ?ll offer a combination ?f bon uses ?nd ??mmi??i?n?.These extra in??ntiv?? m??n productive n?tw?rking ?nd ?li?nt ???r?h?? correlate dir??tl? t? a bankers ????h??k. A m?tiv?t?d ??r??n?l banker ??n make more than $50,000 in total ??m??n??ti?n hi? fir?t ???r, ?nd more th?n th?t after ??t?bli?hing a broad ?u?t?m?r b???.H?w?v?r, W?ll Streets ?ix-figur? in??m?? t??i??ll? elude personal b?nk?r?.Th? big ?dv?nt?g? personal bankers maintain ?v?r th? W?ll Str??t ?r?wd i? h?ur?. L??k ?t th? h?ur? ?f ???r?ti?n ???t?d on th? d??r ?t ?n? l???l bank.Th?? ?r? u?u?ll? pretty restrictive, such ?? 9 ?.m. t? 5 ?.m. during th? w??k. P???l? wh? w?nt t? make a d???nt living while prioritizing family tim? ?h?uld ??n?id?r a ??r??r in personal banking.Commercial B?nk?r?C?mm?r?i?l b?nk?r? ?r?vid? corporate ?li?nt? with credit ?r?du?t? ?u?h ?? t?rm loans, r?v?lving lin?? of ?r?dit, syndicated facilities, ???h management ??rvi???, ?nd ?th?r fix?d income ?r?du?t?.A? a credit ?n?l??t ?r ????unt m?n?g?r, you will d?liv?r fin?n?i?l ?dvi?? ?nd sol utions th?t ?r? tailored t? your ?li?nt?’ needs ?u?h ?? gr?wing th?ir bu?in???, bu?ing n?w ??ui?m?nt, funding working capital, ?nd d??-t?-d?? banking.Th? personality of ??m??n? who would thriv? in a ??mm?r?i?l b?nking career at a bank ?ft?n has th? f?ll?wing ?h?r??t?r tr?it?:AnalyticalInquisitiveFriendlySelf-motivatedF??u??dR?l?ti?n?hi?-?ri?nt?dWorking ?? a commercial b?nk?r, ??u ??n h?l? with a bank’s inv??tm?nt strategy ?nd h?l? ?r?vid? loans f?r ??ur l???l ??mmunit?, ?ll whil? ?till m?king a ??mf?rt?bl? ??l?r?.So here ?r? a f?w f??t? you ?h?uld know b?f?r? picking u? a career in ??mm?r?i?l banking?Y?u H?l? P???l?Alth?ugh loans and debt h?v? a bad r??ut?ti?n, banks provide m?n?? wh?n ????l? need it the m??t.   Banks turn a ?r?fit b? l?nding m?n?? ?ut t? applicants, ?nd r???iving interest on l??n payments.A? a l??n ?ffi??r (commercial b?nk?r), you w?uld w?rk with applicants ?nd clients t? ?????? th?ir financial n??d?, ?nd h?w th?? can b??t get th? money th?? need t? ?t?rt a bu? in??? ?r a bu? a h?u??.B? helping ????l? ???uir? money you’re h?l?ing them ?t?rt a n?w lif?, ?r h?l?ing th?m g?t back on their f??t.L??n? ?r?n’t the ?nl? thing you would w?rk with th?ugh.C?mm?r?i?l b?nk?r? can ?l?? h?l? customers set u? a v?ri?t? ?f ????unt? t? ??v? m?n??.Y?u might remember ??ur ??r?nt? f?r?ing ??u to ???n u? a ??ving? account ?t ??ur l???l b?nk.There are plenty ?f ?th?r types ?f ????unt? t??, ?u?h ?? brokerage, retirement, ?nd ?h??king accounts.B?nk? don’t ju?t ?t?r? your money, they ??n also help people ?l?n ?nd save.B? b?ing a ??mm?r?i?l b?nk?r, ??u help your ?li?nt? ?r???r? f?r th? futur?.T??hn?l?g? is Ch?nging EmploymentJust like ?n? m?d?rn industry, ??mm?r?i?l banking i?n’t immun? to th? l??? ?f j?b? thanks t? technology.Most banks n?w h?v? apps th?t h?l? ??u manage your account and that’s hurting job ?utl??k.Roughly 850,000 (30%) ?f ??mm?r?i?l b?nk?r? w?rk in local branches, ?nd ?h?ng?? in t??hn?l?g? w?r? ?x???t?d to r?m?v? around 150,000 ?f th??? j ?b?.Thi? i? h????ning n?ti?nwid? though, not ju?t with banking.Y?ur S?l?r? C?uld D?ubl? with Ex??ri?n??Alth?ugh your entry l?v?l salary is ?r?und th? national average f?r ?t?rting ??l?ri?? ?f ??ll?g? gr?du?t?? (both ?r?und $47,000) P??S??l? ?h?w? l?rg? ??l?r? jumps with experience within th? indu?tr?.A? ??u learn ?b?ut th? indu?tr? ?nd gain th? ?x??ri?n?? t? m?n?g? ?th?r employees, ??ur salary can jump by ?v?r 100%.Entr? ??intFr?m und?rgr?d (whi?h may be a B.C?m, B.A. or ?n?th?r d?gr??), you typically ?t?rt as a ?r?dit ?n?l??t and from an MBA ?r?gr?m, you typically start ?? an ????unt m?n?g?r.A credit ?n?l??t is t??k?d with ?n?l?zing a ?li?nt’? fin?n?i?l statements, competitive position, industry, and m?n?g?m?nt t??m.Th? ?r?dit ?n?l??t ?r???r?? an “application f?r ?r?dit” th?t will d?t?rmin? th? ?tru?tur? ?nd ?ri?ing ?f a financing r??u??t.An ????unt m?n?g?r is f??u??d ?n business development ?nd i? a m?r? client f??ing role.Your j?b i? t? find n?w ?li?nt? f?r th? b?nk ?nd mai ntain r?l?ti?n?hi?? with existing ones.Y?u will work closely with colleagues on th? ?r?dit ?id? to deliver r??ult? to ??ur clients.H?ur? ?r? t??i??ll? ?r? 8 am t? 6 ?m.Although hours ??n be l?ng?r based ?n th? urgency ?f a loan request.A l?t ?f people m?k? a ??r??r out of ??mm?r?i?l b?nking with a good w?rk-lif? b?l?n??.If you’re l??king to m?v? ?n ??u m?? m?v? int? ??r??r?t? b?nking (?imil?r to ??mm?r?i?l banking but with l?rg?r ?li?nt? who ?r? often ?ubli?), inv??tm?nt m?n?g?m?nt, ?r private l?nding.It’? ?lw??? an option to g? back t? school ?nd g?t ?n MBA degree ?r CFA ® ?r?d?nti?l.Inv??tm?nt B?nk?r?Wh?n it comes to ?x?iting careers, investment b?nking has g?t it ?ll: money, ?t?tu?, ??w?r, adrenaline and ri?k.Th? inv??tm?nt b?nk?r ??t? in a capital markets advisory capacity t? ??r??r?ti?n? and g?v?rnm?nt?, rather th?n d??ling directly with individu?l investors. Investment bankers h?l? th?ir clients raise money in th? ???it?l m?rk?t?, ?r?vid? various financial ?dvi??r? ??rvi?? ?, ?nd assist with m?rg?r? ?nd ???ui?iti?n ??tivit?.Thus, when th? capital markets ?r? doing w?ll, investment bankers t?nd to d? w?ll ?in?? they can g?n?r?t? more r?v?nu?? fr?m ?ll the ??tiviti?? that they und?rt?k?.In a w??, investment b?nk?r? are middl?-m?n ?in?? th?? don’t typically writ? th? ?h??k th?m??lv??; th?? l??n ?n th?ir n?tw?rk of investors they’ve ?ultiv?t?d r?l?ti?n?hi?? with f?r funding.Skill?Investment b?nking ??r??r? are id??ll? ?uit?d to people with ?ndl??? ?nthu?i??m, huge ambition, ?n unb??t?bl? work ?thi? ?nd th? ability t? h?ndl? immense ?r???ur?.Th? lifestyle, status and money ??n be fantastic, but in order t? thrive and ?urviv? in such a competitive industry it i? ????nti?l t? consistently ??rf?rm at th? t?? of your g?m?.Below i? a list ?f th? ?kill? th?t ?n inv??tm?nt b?nk?r n??d? f?r a ?u?????ful ??r??r.i.  Entr??r?n?uri?lInvestment b?nking i? a bu?in???. Y?u will b?, at some ??int?, a ??l????r??n. And as part ?f ??ur ??m??n?’? ??l?? f?r??, ??ur ?nd g oal i? to earn for ??ur bank. Y?u mu?t und?r?t?nd th?t th? r?v?nu?? ?f ???h tr?n???ti?n mu?t be ?lw??? gr??t?r th?n th? ???t?. It d???n’t m?tt?r if th? firm i? in th? fin?n?? indu?tr? ?r not.What i? im??rt?nt is you will get a ??n?? ?f ??hi?ving the primary ?bj??tiv? of bu?in??? â€" profit.ii.  R?l?ti?n?hi? BuildingDon’t ?x???t you ??n sell ??ur firm’? services without th? n??d f?r good customer r?l?ti?n?hi??. Aft?r ?ll, your counterparties ?r? human t??. Hum?n? are ???i?l in nature.Fr?m tim? t? time, ??u g?t to meet investors ?r inv??tm?nt bankers ?lik?. Building healthy r?l?ti?n?hi?? with them, even ??u ?till h?v? n? bu?in??? with th?m, ??uld ?r?v? b?n?fi?i?l in th? futur?.iii.  Int?ll??tu?lAn int?ll??tu?l ????bilit? i? without a doubt ?n? ?f th? most ??ught skills f?r investment bankers.It ignit?? thinking out-of-box â€" a very mu?h n??d?d ?kill when looking f?r un???n ????rtuniti??.iv.  Gl?b?l Outl??kTh?r? are ?nl? a h?ndful ?f r?ug? ??untri?? nowadays. Chances ?r? you wil l b? employed b? a multinational firm. You will be ?x????d t? a l?t ?f tr?n???ti?n? th?t ?r? d?n? ?n a global scale. Y?u might ?l?? meet ?th?r ?r?f???i?n?l? fr?m foreign l?nd?.N?v?rth?l???, ?v?n if ?m?l???d b? a l???l firm, it’? in?vit?bl? th?t ??u will b? ?x????d t? global transactions ?? w?ll. Besides, ?ll ??untri?? ?r? connected ?n? way ?r ?n?th?r.v.  An?l?ti??lIn ?n investment b?nking job, ??u will b? ??k?d a l?t of ??m?li??t?d ?u??ti?n?. T? ?n?w?r th??? questions, ??u need to see ?v?r? angle ?f the ???n?ri?.Not all ????l? ??n ????m?li?h thi?.Wh??B???u?? n?t ?v?r??n? h?? ?n?ugh ?n?l?ti??l ?kill?.Analytical skills ?r? ?ru?i?l t? br??k down clients’ ?r?bl?m? ?r ?r??ting diff?r?nt fin?n?i?l m?d?l?.vi.  Presentation Skill?A? ?n inv??tm?nt b?nk?r, d?n’t ?x???t your j?b will ?nd with th? finalization of th? fin?n?i?l model. Y?u will ?till h?v? to present it t? ?li?nt? ?r ??ur t??m.Th? tri?ki??t part ?f being a ?r???nt?r i? th? fact th?t ??u ?r? g?ing t? f??? a l?t ?f different ? ???l?.vii.  C?mmuni??ti?n Skill?C?mmuni??ti?n ?kill? ?r? ?l???l? r?l?t?d t? ?r???nt?ti?n ?kill?. Usually, if you have g??d ??mmuni??ti?n ?kill?, it translates to ?x??ll?nt presentation skills. Learning t? ??mmuni??t? t? ?r?f???i?n?l? i? v?r? specialized one.It’? v?r? different when you’re talking t? ??ur friends or ??ur family. Talking with ??ll??gu?? requires a w?rm but ?r?f???i?n?l ???r???h.viii.  N?tw?rkingThere are a lot of ????l? ??u’ll m??t in ??ur ??r??r. M??t of them can give ??u h?l? ?n? w?? ?r ?n?th?r in th? futur?. It’s good if you’ll ???umul?t? r?l?ti?n?hi??, ?nd in?r???ing the li?t thr?ugh networking.ix.  CreativityIn the r??l ??r??r?t? world, you w?uldn’t b? given r??d?-m?d? data for solving financial ?r?bl?m?. At tim??, ??u w?n’t ?v?n kn?w that th?r?’? a problem! B?ing ?r??tiv? lets ??u ??? the ?itu?ti?n in a bigger perspective.You will see ?ngl?? ?th?r? w?n’t. You’ll b? m?r? v?lu?d b? ??ur ??m??n? if ??u ??n ??r??iv? ?r?bl?m? ?r ??luti?n? average b?nk?r? ??n’t.x.  M?th Skill?No d?ubt ??u need math skills. A? ?n investment banker, you’ll b? d??ling with a lot ?f numb?r?. Y?u b?tt?r ?lw??? be r??d? your m?th skills.xi.  A???unting SkillsA???unting ?kill? ?r? n??d?d ?????i?ll? wh?n ??u ?r? int?r?r?ting fin?n?i?l statements. It will ?l?? prove u??ful if you will b? ?r??ting ?dju?tm?nt? ?n th? FS?, in preparation f?r ??ur fin?n?i?l m?d?l?.xii.  Bluffing Skill?Y?u will ?n??unt?r a l?t of individu?l? who are t?? g??d at t?king ?dv?nt?g? ?f th?ir kn?wl?dg? ?f psychology. During a m??ting, th?? will tr? t? m?k? you b?h?v? or answer th? way th?? w?nt?d ??u t?.Bluffing ??n h?l? ??u shield ??ur??lf fr?m th??? t???? ?f ????l?. If f?r ?x?m?l?, ??u don’t know the right way t? r???t, bluffing will make th?m gu??? what ??u are thinking. Bluffing will giv? ??u more time t? think.xiii.  N?g?ti?ti?n ?kill?Y?u w?uldn’t like to ju?t ?????t ?v?r?b?d?’? terms. Y?u might ?nd u? in a situation wh?r?in ??ur ???t? are f?r gr??t?r th?n ??ur ?x ???t?d b?n?fit?. Wh?t’? worse i? wh?n it will giv? your ??m??n? n?g?tiv? value r?th?r th?n ???itiv? ?n??.P?? ?nd H?ur?On ?n absolute b??i?, investment b?nk?r? ?r? some ?f the high??t ??id ?r?f???i?n?l? f?r their ?g?.   A? a n?w hir?, you ??n expect t? ??rn ?v?r $100,000 ?tr?ight ?ut of ??h??l, which will probably bl?w m??t ?f ??ur ?l???m?t?? ?ut ?f the water.But th? inv??tm?nt b?nk?r ??l?r? on ?n hourly basis i? ?n?th?r ?t?r?.On a ??r hour b??i?, inv??tm?nt b?nk?r? ?r? n?t ??id nearly ?? w?ll.   With most analysts and ?????i?t?, their h?url? wages ??n r?ng? ?n?wh?r? between $25 $35 per h?ur.This money d??? not g?t ??id without l?t? ?f h?ur? ?nd lots of w?rk. An??n? wh? is n?t ????bl? ?r comfortable working w??k? th?t frequently run in ?x???? ?f 80 hours ?h?uld ?r?b?bl? look ?l??wh?r? f?r a ??r??r.S?m? b?nk? ?v?n f??tur? r??m? with bunk?; th??? are f?r inv??tm?nt b?nk?r? who find th?m??lv?? at th? ?ffi?? at midnight ?r l?t?r but r??liz? th?? ?till need to b? at th?ir d??k? prior t ? th? n?xt mornings ???ning b?ll.Certain inv??tm?nt b?nk? h?v? tried t? im?r?v? w?rk-lif? b?l?n?? ?? part ?f a cultural ?v?rh?ul th?? h??? can r?h?bilit?t? th? indu?tr?? image in the wake ?f th? 2008 financial crisis.H?w?v?r, th? d?? wh?n investment b?nking i? a M?nd??-t?-Frid??, nine-to-five ??r??r i? a l?ng w?? away, if it ?v?r ??m??.Merchant BankersWith a l?rg? amount ?f public fund? b?ing invested in ??uit? in the ???it?l m?rk?t?, m?r?h?nt b?nking h?? gained ???ul?rit? as a m??n? ?f bridging th? g?? between w??lth? inv??t?r? ?nd corporates th?t ?r? looking f?r funding to m??t their business n??d? lik? ?x??n?i?n, div?r?ifi??ti?n ?r ??tting up a new ?nt?r?ri??.A m?r?h?nt banker has ????i?liz?d ?kill? in m?bilizing fund? from private inv??t?r?, ?nd ??n h?l? b?th l?rg? ??r??r?ti?n? ?nd SME? ?????? fund? for ?n?uring b?tt?r utiliz?ti?n ?f financial r???ur???.H?w m?r?h?nt banks w?rk (Ex?m?l?):Like investment b?nk?, m?r?h?nt banks ?r? n?t d????it?r?/r?t?il l?nd?r in?tituti?n?.Rather, m erchant banks are int?rm?di?ri?? that provide br?k?r?g?, fund-r?i?ing, ?nd financial ?dvi??r? ??rvi??? ?n a large ???l? t? businesses and a smaller scale t? w??lth? individu?l?. For this r????n, th?? often assist in international tr?n???ti?n? inv?lving entities ?u?h ?? multin?ti?n?l ??r??r?ti?n?.T? illu?tr?t? th? r?l? of a merchant bank, ?u????? a multin?ti?n?l ??r??r?ti?n XYZ i? considering the purchase of a ?m?ll?r ??m??n? in another ??untr?.Company XYZ will likely solicit th? services ?f a merchant b?nk for ?dvi?? ?n h?w t? b??t ???r???h th? ???ui?iti?n ?r?????. In ?dditi?n, th? m?r?h?nt b?nk m?? ?l?? assist in th? financing of th? ???ui?iti?n, ?r?viding und?rwriting or l??n ??rvi???.Wh?t i? the r?l? ?f a m?r?h?nt b?nk?r?A m?r?h?nt b?nk?r u?u?ll? refers to a firm or ?rg?niz?ti?n inv?lv?d in ?ll ?????t? of i??u? m?n?g?m?nt. Th?ir services in?lud? ?r?viding ??n?ult?n?? ?r ?dvi??r? services to corporates for i??u? m?n?g?m?nt, m?king arrangements for bu?ing, selling ?r subscribing to ?h?r?? in an i??u? or ?n? ?th?r ??n?ult?n?? ?r ??rvi??? ?u?h as underwriting, ?n?l??i? and ?dvi?? related to mergers and ???ui?iti?n?, ?rr?nging offshore funding or venture ???it?l, credit ??ndi??ti?n ?nd ??rtf?li? m?n?g?m?nt.M?r?h?nt b?nking firm? ??rr? out a r?ng? ?f activities th?t help enterprises m?biliz? fund? from th? capital markets.   These ??rvi??? in?lud? ?r???ring ?r?j??t r???rt?, ?dvi?ing ?n th? b??t suitable fin?n?ing structure, id?ntifi??ti?n of ??ur??? f?r buying ?r selling shares ?nd negotiating with banks and fin?n?i?l institutions with r?g?rd t? a project’s vi?bilit? thr?ugh detailed ?n?l??i? ?f the financial, t??hni??l, marketing ?nd ??mm?r?i?l vi?bilit? ?f th? ?nt?r?ri??.In addition, m?r?h?nt b?nk?r? und?rt?k? und?rwriting ??rvi??? f?r ?n i??u?, including r?gi?tr?ti?n ?f the offer document, handling m?rk?ting and publicity f?r the i??u?, ?r?viding underwriting ?u???rt and li?ting ?n the stock exchanges.Th?? ?l?? take care ?f all f?rm?liti?? ?u?h ?? filling u? applications ?nd getting ???r?v?l? fr?m the Government, regulatory b?di?? ?r financial in?tituti?n?.Categories ?f M?r?h?nt B?nk?r?Th? f?ll?wing ?r? the ??t?g?ri?? of merchant bankers:C?t?g?r? I â€" ??n ??rr? ?n ?ll ??tiviti?? relating t? management of i??u?? ?u?h as preparation ?f ?r?????tu?, determining financial ?tru?tur?, ??ndu?t ?f m?rk?t ?urv???, raising fund? fr?m ???it?l market, r?i?ing ?f funds thr?ugh n?w in?trum?nt?, ?rr?nging b?ught ?ut deals ?nd t? ?r?vid? ?dvi?? ?n: m?rg?r? ?nd ?m?lg?m?ti?n?, l??n ??ndi??ti?n, t??hn?l?g? ti?-u??, w?rking capital finance, v?ntur? ???it?l, l???? fin?n??, fixed deposit management, factoring, portfolio m?n?g?m?nt ?f mutu?l funds, r?h?bilit?ti?n ?f sick unit? ?t?.C?t?g?r? II â€" to act as ?dvi??r, ??n?ult?nt, co-manager, und?rwrit?r ?nd ??rtf?li? m?n?g?r.C?t?g?r? III â€" t? act ?? und?rwrit?r, ?dvi??r ?nd ??n?ult?nt t? an issue.Category IV â€" t? ??t ?nl? ?? ?dvi??r ?r consultant t? ?n i??u?.SalaryA???rding t? th? U.S. Bureau ?f Labor St?ti ?ti?? (BLS), th? ?v?r?g? salary f?r m?r?h?nt b?nk?r? was $69,680 ??r ???r ?? of M?? 2008. Th? average salary in today’s world i? not ?? distant from that.Top inv??tm?nt bankers ?l?? r???iv? significant bonuses each ???r, many ?f whi?h are ?ub?t?nti?ll? high?r th?n th?ir ?nnu?l ??l?r?.C?nn??ti?ut-b???d b?nk?r? ?nj?? the high??t w?g?? in th? U.S. with an ?v?r?g? ??l?r? of $157,640. M?r?h?nt bankers in New York ??rn an ?v?r?g? ?f $129,620, f?ll?w?d b? Washington D.C. ?t $111,730.WH?T ?KILL? D? B?NK?R? N??D?H?r? are f?ur im??rt?nt ?kill? ?nd tr?it? th?t ?m?l???r? l??k f?r in a ?r?????tiv? employee. These qualities ?r?n’t ju?t a career-hatching ????t â€" they’ll ?l?? ?n?ur? ??ur ??ntinu?d success as a new ?r?f???i?n?l.An?l?ti??l ?kill?An?l??ing ?r?bl?m? and thinking logically for th? gr?wth ?f the b?nk ?nd ?rg?niz?ti?n i? ?b??lut?l? n??????r? for th? b?nk job. Th? b?nking indu?tr? is ?rim?ril? ??n??rn?d with ri?k m?n?g?m?nt.Su?????ful b?nking professionals excel ?t m?n?ging ri?k ?r ??i??l? b???u?? of th?ir analytical skills. Banking r??uir?? in?r?dibl? strong l?t?r?l ?nd analytical thinking. Lik? ??n?ult?nt?, banking ?r?f???i?n?l? ?r? v?lu?d f?r th? ?bilit? t? think ?ut?id? th? b?x, ??lv? ?r?bl?m?, ?nd predict ?nd ?v?rt ?r?bl?m? that have not yet m?t?ri?liz?d.To this ?nd, b?nking r??uir?? n?t only ?n ?bilit? t? r?m?in incredibly ?h?r?, but l??rn ?ui?kl? ?nd gr??? n?w concepts with ????. Thi? l?v?l of ?n?l?ti??l ?kill? n?tur?ll? lends itself t? intellectual curiosity ?? well ?? inn?v?ti?n.Th? m??t successful b?nking ?n?l??t? n?t ?nl? ??m?l?t? th?ir ?wn work ?bj??tiv??, but ?l?? take a br??d interest in the w?rk ?f their colleagues, and h?w diff?r?nt w?rk loads ??ntribut? under an umbr?ll? project.Successful ?r?f???i?n?l? in the banking ???t?r f?rv?ntl? ??k questions n?t ?nl? as a means t? d?m?n?tr?t? nu?n??d ???r???h t? work ?bj??tiv?? and unwillingness to ?ut ??rn?r?, but ?l?? to id?ntif? n?w methods ?nd ?ffi?i?n?i?? th?t ?tr??mlin? ?r???????.F??u?Su????ding i n banking means ?r?di?ting ?m?rging ?h?ng?? ?nd ?nvi?i?ning solutions. Thi? ?kill i? useful in ?n? industry, ?nd ??rti?ul?rl? in th? fi?ld of b?nking. Y?u’ll n??d t? b? ?w?r? ?f h?w the b?nking indu?tr? is changing, but it’? equally im??rt?nt to be f?mili?r with h?w ?m?rging indu?tri?? will influ?n?? the w?rld of b?nking.T??hn?l?gi??l ?dv?n??m?nt? in the ???t d???d? h?v? r?v?luti?niz?d both investment ?nd r?t?il b?nking. Th? ri?? ?f internet ?nd m?bil? b?nking has ?ll?w?d ?u?t?m?r? t? d? th?ir b?nking ?t h?m? or on-the-go â€" with?ut h?ving ?t?? into th?ir b?nk branch.Keeping up in thi? environment means that ?u?????ful b?nking ?r?f???i?n?l? are technologically ??vv?, ?nd in-tun? with ?m?rging t??hn?l?gi??l ?dv?n??m?nt? th?t can ?h??? banking. A b?nk ??n ?nl? implement th? l?t??t t??hn?l?g? with strong-in h?u?? ?x??rti??, ?nd t??hn?l?g?-lit?r?t? staff ?r? a big ??rt ?f th?t ?r?gr???.For b?nking ?nd ?th?r financial professionals, th? ability t? hold a gl?b?l ?utl??k is im??r?tiv? t? ?u?????. The b??t in th? b?nking indu?tr? ?r? l??king ?h??d to an in?r???ingl? gl?b?liz?d futur?, and ?r? ?r???ring f?r it in diverse w??? â€" building l?ngu?g? ??m??t?n?i??, int?rn?ti?n?l work ?x??ri?n?? and m?r?.Indu?tr? kn?wl?dg?Banking r??uir?? a high l?v?l of finance and indu?tr? kn?wl?dg?.Banking h?? ?v?lv?d over the years and n?w ?ff?r? a wid? r?ng? of products and ??rvi???, fr?m ?im?l? ?n?? to elaborate ?nd ??m?l?x ones.Successful b?nking ?r?f???i?n?l? will n??d to b? intimately f?mili?r with the r?gul?ti?n? th?t g?v?rn banking.Moreover, ???iring individu?l? ?h?uld not limit th?ir kn?wl?dg? b??? t? th? banking industry. Ju?t ?? banking i? vit?l t? the economy, ?? t?? i? th? ???n?m? vit?l t? b?nking.A??iring b?nking ?r?f???i?n?l? ?h?uld build th?ir kn?wl?dg? base in all aspects r?l?t?d t? b?nking, banking r?gul?ti?n, fin?n?? ?nd the economy.As m?nti?n?d, th? b?nking ???t?m continues to evolve, whi?h means banking regulations d? ?? w?ll. B?nking ?r?f???i?n?l? are expected not ?nl? t? h?v? a ??und knowledge b???, but being ??n?t?ntl? ?w?r? ?f new ?h?ng?? within the indu?tr?, ?? w?ll ?? th? regulations.ResilienceY?u ?h?uld ?h?w the ability to stay at one b?nking job for a l?ng tim?, d???it? the high-pressure ?nvir?nm?nt ?f th? bu?in???.Central t? success in ?n? banking ???iti?n is resilience wh?n w?rking independently, ?nd ?????i?ll? navigating high ?r???ur?? wh?n w?rking collaboratively.Su?????ful b?nking ?r?f???i?n?l? are n?t?bl? resilient in their ?bilit? t? w?rk independently in high-pressure ?nvir?nm?nt? th?t h?v? d?m?nding ?bj??tiv??, ?tring?nt ?nd ?h?nging deadlines and a v?ri?t? of n?w inf?rm?ti?n ?????ring ?t a moment’s n?ti??.Furth?rm?r?, the work ?f banking professionals i? certainly n?t ind???nd?nt. A? ??u build ??ur b?nking career, ??u’ll n??d t? b? ?bl? to w?rk w?ll in team environments where ?th?r? ?r? striving t? support ??u and d?liv?r quality r??ult? in a timely f??hi?n.That m??n? b?ing ?r?f???i?n?l and diplomatic â€" wh?n it real ly ??unt?.L??d?r?hi? ?nd t??m managementL??d?r?hi? and team m?n?g?m?nt are all about being able to direct a team to d? th? b??t that it ??n do. In m?n? w??? l??d?r?hi? i? ?imil?r t? t??mw?rk, ?lth?ugh it also involves taking responsibility for your t??m and maintaining your influ?n??.If asked ?b?ut leadership experience during an int?rvi?w or in ?n ???li??ti?n f?rm, choose ??m?thing th?t was ?u?????ful and wh?r? ??ur ??ti?n? and leadership h?d a dir??t im???t on the ?ut??m?.F?r this reason, it w?uld b? wi?? to choose an ?x?m?l? th?t wasn’t ?ll ?l?in-??iling, but still r??ult?d in ?u????? du? to ??ur input.An example ?f thi? ??uld b? if ??m??n? b???m? ill leading up t? a group project assessment d??dlin? at univ?r?it?, ?nd you took ?n the r????n?ibilit? ?f redistributing th?ir w?rk l??d b?tw??n th? ?th?r members of your gr?u?.Th?r?f?r?, the deadline w?? m?t t? th? best of ??ur gr?u?’? ability, with ???h member ?till ??mf?rt?bl? with their individu?l w?rkl??d.FINAL THOUGHTSOUR liv es ?r? d???nd?nt ?n th? banking ???t?r in ?n? w?? or th? other, directly ?r indir??tl?. It i? the lif?bl??d ?f th? ???n?m?. An?thing whi?h impacts th? b?nking ???t?m will ?ff??t ?ll sectors ?nd regions of the ???n?m?.Thus, ?? a ??t?nti?l ?m?l???? ?f th? banking system, ??u are ??i??d t? t?k? up big r????n?ibiliti??, not only t?w?rd? the in?tituti?n f?r whi?h you will be w?rking but also t?w?rd? th? ?ntir? society.Th? skills outline in this ?rti?l? will ensure th?t you ?r? a ?r?du?tiv? r???ur?? fr?m d?? ?n?, ?nd ?n? b?nk will ?r?f?r ?n employee who kn?w? the job and ??n b? giv?n assignments fr?m th? very d?? they j?in.S?, inv??t ??ur time ?nd ?n?rg? in l??rning ?nd ?r???ring f?r a b?nking j?b ?? that n?t only you g?t th? j?b, but ??u are ?bl? t? gr?w and prosper in it.

Unit6 P1 P2 M1 - 1442 Words

Unit6 – Preparing for Employment in Travel and Tourism P1, P2 M1 Marites Marzan TT L3 Yr1 GrpB Harish Tutor P1 - Describe career opportunities within different industries in the travel and tourism sector. Tour Operators A tour operator requires a holiday representative to work throughout the summer and winter season to ensure that holiday makers have an enjoyable trip. They are the first point of contact for customers so a holiday representative needs to be prepared to answer question and resolve problems. They usually start the day meeting the excited new arrivals at the airport and overseeing transfers to their accommodation. From there their duties may include, giving an introductory talk on the facilities and the†¦show more content†¦In each element within this chain has their own specific needed; the producer should take account along with the needs of their consumer. The first level of the chain of distribution is the Principal. Principals are the one who provides the products or service to pass down to the next organisation in the chain of distribution; the principals are the one who produces the products or services. Tour operators are the one who combine or mix all the principals t ogether to pass it down to the Travel Agents which is the next level of the chain of distribution. Tour operators like Thomson and First Choice merges as one to gain competitive advantage. These two organisations are now owned by TUI Travel they are both targeting different markets because First Choice organisation will focus on younger and more family-orientated customers while Thomson will focus more on the wealthier and empty nested customers. Additionally, empty nested customers are the couples whose children are living on their own and already left home. Tour operators are mostly the one who design and plan a holidays ahead of time they forecast the holiday and plan them two years before they sell a holiday to Travel agencies. While Travel agencies is more likely on marketing they sell and they promote to make profit according to their negotiation between Tour operators and Travel agencies this will depends how much

The Effects Of Fast Food On The Public School System

Morgan Spurlock conducted an unscientific experiment; he ate McDonald’s diet only, three times a day for thirty days. He also supersized it whenever they offer it. The result of his experiment was shocking, he gained 24.5 lbs within 30 days, cholesterol was up by 65 points and fat liver, mood swing, depressed and exhausted 2 x heart failure risks, 2 x heart disease risk, sex drive reduced, and massive headaches. He consumed 30 pounds of sugar within that period and 12 pounds of fat were consumed. This is scary result; ideally no one supposed to eat fast food three times a day. The reason why many are fat is the love for fast food and addiction to it. I have a better understanding that the consumption of fast food can jeopardize person’s health gradually. Furthermore the food choices in the public school system are not ideal, there are many unhealthy choices and most of their food are processed rather than freshly cooked. The McDonald account for 43% of fast food, they can be found everywhere, and high in fat and sugar; eating fat makes the cholesterol high, and put a person at risk of heart disease, average Americans take 5000 steps a day. McDonald also gets the kids through all the activities they have for kids, playground, happy meal, good birthday packages, toys to entice kids. In conclusion people do not want to take personal responsibilities, they tend to blame someone else for their unhealthy behavior. , all these franchises are businesses, they added extra unhealthyShow MoreRelatedFast Food Nation Essay862 Words   |  4 PagesFast food is very popular amongst today’s society. Fast Food Nation has reasons for the explosion in popularity of fast food restaurants in the mid-1900’s. It also explains negative effect s on American Culture in today’s society. The fast-food industry has multiplied across America and changed the food industry. 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Theoretical Particle Physics at WSU

Question: Discuss the theoretical particle physics at WSU. Answer: According to the ancient Greeks, the universe was composed of fire, air, water and the earth while according to the modern understanding the universe is composed of matter and radiation. Physics assists in the understanding of the universe, due to physics complexity its necessary to apply scale separation to describe as many properties. In the effective field theory, molecular, atomic, nuclear and particle physics are each treated differently. The standard model has been developed throughout the years by a collaborative effort of various scientists it, however, leaves some parameters unexplained making it incomplete. The Higgs mechanism is essential to the standard model in explaining property generation mechanism. Without it, all bosons would be massless contrary to the witnessed phenomenon in CERNs Large Hadron Collider. According to the big bang equal amount of matter and antimatter were created which annihilate each other. The existence of matter then suggests something happened to the antimatter, where did all the antimatter go? The standard model suggests there are three generations of quarks and leptons; this suggestion gives rise to several problems like the origin of mass, strong CP problem and the matter-antimatter symmetry. These problems suggest the need to study Higgs particle or a need for new physics. Evidence like galaxy rotational curves, gravitational lensing, and colliding galaxies all suggest the existence of missing matter; this missing matter must be dark matter which occupies approximately 23% of the mass and energy in the universe. It can be detected through decay patterns and kinematical effects. Theories suggest that dark matter can be produced at the LHC but they would escape unnoticed. Dark matter search in the LHC is considered in the Mono-Higgs channel; it applies the presence of SU(2)L breaking in those operators to avoid the need for any initial-state radiation necessary for the production of invisible particles. This particle theory study at Wayne State was conducted by the faculty, postdocs and graduate students. The faculty was funded by National Science Foundation, US Department of Energy and WSU research and educational grants. Graduate students were funded by NSF Research Assistantships, Three T. Rumble Fellows, and WSU Teaching Assistantships. Academic route, Industry route and Scientific publishing in particle theory can be done after Ph.D.

Us Election Essays - Bush Family, Livingston Family, Schuyler Family

Us Election - American Election 2000 - - Economic Look at Democrats and Republicans - -Cole Loughery- Overview of the American Economy The American economy has been skyrocketing during the past decade. Growth in fields such as output, price stability, consumer demand, labor markets, and productivity have been increasing at an alarming rate. This over flow of growth occurring within the country has brought a sense of safety to the American people and with increased spending based on the wealth effect the American economy looks to be evermore prosperous in the years to come. Al Gore- Democrats Al Gore, the leader for the Democrat party, supports many freewill movements and has a firm understanding of the countrys future development. Gore is an avid believer in expanding the United States to encompass a more world wide approach at economics, such as enabling NAFTA to extend southward. Strongly supports cutting taxes and putting money back into the system to encourage future profits enabling for the tax cuts. More money going into the system gives ore money back tot he government and without taxation making both the government and the people benefit. George Bush- Republicans George Bush, the leader for the Republican party, strongly believes in conservative views and the welfare of the people. Bushs ideals are more traditional and are shaped towards the white, heterosexual, over 40 year old man, which holds the majority in the United States. Supports cutting taxes and taking the money the government has and increase spending in public affairs to benefit the people. Eliminating the debt and estate tax are important also but with no increase in governmental profit. Issues Democrats Republicans Taxation- Healthcare- 15 percent cut in tax rates, providing greatest benefit to the rich. Favors 50 percent reduction in capital gains tax. Supports $500 per child tax credit. No mention of Comprehensive health care guarantees. Supports allowing of workers to retain health insurance while shifting jobs, nothing for uninsured. Maintaining existing tax structure, with only minor changes, favoring the rich. Supports $500 per child tax credit, $1 500 tax credit for community college. Opposes any expansion of federal programs or guaranties of health care. Privatization of Medicare. Mainly good for the rich, elderly, and veterans. Education- Social Security- Debt + Deficit- Environment- Abolishing of the Department of Education. Promotes private schools against public education. Better for richer families. Encourages school prayer and patriotism. Cuts in spending and more restrictions. Eliminate food stamps and school lunch program. Very difficult for welfare cases. Cutting of $1 trillion from federal programs, Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security. Bad for poor. Supports increased control over environmental policies. Supports conservation partnerships. Gains for all.Limits the funding for improvements in public schools. Difficult for poor children. Encourages the use of metal detectors and uniforms to restore school discipline. Intends in ending poor families economic assistance from federal government. Supports cutoff of all aid after 5 years. Cutting $250 billion in spending over five years. 240 000 federal jobs. Gains mainly for wealthy. Increase funding for clean water and opposes off-shore drilling on undeveloped leases. Gains for all. Military-Supports national missel defense program. Reducing nuclear stockpiles.Supports national missel defense program. Investment into defense technology. Seemingly good. Individual Profiles 1- Vice President of Microsoft This person would probably vote for Bush and the Republicans because there economic policies tend to flow more towards the wealthy in the way of providing greatest benefits to the rich. Also there child attends private school which Bush highly recommends. Privatizing healthcare would make the best care possible but only for the wealthy. 2- Elementary School Teacher This person would probably vote for Gore and the Democrats because there economic policies on poverty are less strenuous than that of the Republican giving the people more time to get back on their feet instead of just cutting them off. Also since she is a school teacher and Bush intends on abolishing the Department of Education she would not vote for him. 3- Retail Worker This person would probably vote for Gore and the Democrats because there economic policies agree with her own more than the Republicans. Healthcare aids this person because it can help retail workers. Tax cuts hurt this person less than those of the Republicans. 4- Welfare Recipient This person would probably vote for Gore and the Democrats because there economic policies on education can aid his children because he would not be

The Meaning of Capital Deepening

The Meaning of Capital Deepening Some definitions of capital deepening can be a little hard to understand, not because the concept is difficult or complex but because the formal language of economics has a special vocabulary. When youre beginning your study of economics, at times it may seem less like a language than a code. Fortunately, the concept  isnt that complicated when its broken down into everyday speech. Once you understand it in that way, translating into the formal language of economics doesnt seem that hard.   The Essential Idea You can look at the creation of value in capitalism as having an input and an output. The input is:   Capital. This, as economists have considered it since Adam Smith first discussed the creation of value in capitalism in The Wealth of Nations, consists not only of money but also the variety of things that have to do with production, such as physical plants, machinery, and materials. (Land, by the way, was treated by Smith as a separate input   different from other capital because unlike capital generally, which can grow indefinitely, there is only a finite amount of land).Labor. In economics, labor consists of work undertaken for a wage or for  some other form of monetary reward.   If labor and capital are the inputs, the output is the added value that results. What happens in between the input of labor and capital and the output of added value is the production process.  Thats what creates the added value:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Input (production process)-Output  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (labor and capital)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (value created)   The Production Process as a Black Box For a moment consider the production process as a black box. In Black Box #1 are 80  man-hours of labor and X amount of capital. The production process creates output with a value of 3X.   But what if you wanted to increase the output value? You could add more man-hours, which of course has its own cost. Another way you could increase the output value would be to increase the amount of capital at the input. In a cabinet shop, for example, you could still have two workers working for a week for a total of 80 man hours, but instead of having them produce three kitchens worth of cabinets (3x) on traditional cabinet-making equipment, you buy a CNC machine. Now your workers basically only have to load the materials into the machine, which does much of the cabinet building under computer control. Your output increases to 30 X at the end of the week you have 30 kitchens worth of cabinets. Capital Deepening Since with your CNC machine  you can do this every week, your production rate has permanently increased. And thats capital deepening. By deepening (which in this context is economist-speak for Increasing) the amount of capital per worker you have increased the output from 3X per week to 30X per week, a capital deepening rate increase of 1,000 percent!   Most economists quantify capital deepening over a year. In this instance, since its the same increase every week, the growth rate over a year is still 1,000 percent. This growth rate is one commonly used way of assessing the rate of capital deepening. Is Capital Deepening A  Good Thing or a Bad Thing? Historically, capital deepening has been viewed as beneficial for both capital and labor. The infusion of capital into the production process produces an output value that far exceeds the increased capital at the input.  This is obviously good for the capitalist/entrepreneur, but, the traditional view has been that it is good for labor as well. From the increased profits, the business owner pays the worker increased wages. This creates a virtuous circle of benefits because now the worker has more available money to purchase goods, which in turn increase business owners sales.   French economist Thomas Piketty, in his influential and controversial reexamination of capitalism, Capitalism in the Twenty-First  Century, criticizes this view. The details of his argument, which extends over most of a dense 700 pages, is beyond the scope of this article but has to do with the economic effect of capital deepening. He argues that in industrialized and post-industrial economies, the infusion of capital produces wealth at a growth rate that exceeds the growth rate of the broader economy. Labors share of the wealth decreases. In short, wealth becomes increasingly concentrated and increasing inequality results. Terms Related to Capital Deepening CapitalCapital consumptionCapital intensityCapital ratioCapital structureCapital augmentingHuman capitalSocial capital

How to Turn Lead Into Gold

How to Turn Lead Into Gold Before chemistry was a science, there was alchemy. One of the supreme quests of alchemy was to transmute  (transform) lead into gold. Lead (atomic number 82) and gold (atomic number 79) are defined as elements by the number of protons they possess. Changing the element requires changing the atomic (proton) number. The number of protons cannot be altered by any chemical means. However, physics may be used to add or remove protons and thereby change one element into another. Because lead is stable, forcing it to release three protons requires a vast input of energy, such that the cost of transmuting it greatly surpasses the value of the resulting gold. History Transmutation of lead into gold isnt just theoretically possible; it has been achieved! There are reports that Glenn Seaborg, 1951 Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, succeeded in transmuting a minute quantity of lead (possibly en route from bismuth, in 1980) into gold. There is an earlier report (1972) in which Soviet physicists at a nuclear research facility near Lake Baikal in Siberia accidentally discovered a reaction for turning lead into gold when they found the lead shielding of an experimental reactor had changed to gold. Transmutation Today Today particle accelerators routinely transmute elements. A charged particle is accelerated using electrical and magnetic fields. In a linear accelerator, the charged particles drift through a series of charged tubes separated by gaps. Every time the particle emerges between gaps, it is accelerated by the potential difference between adjacent segments. In a circular accelerator, magnetic fields accelerate particles moving in circular paths. In either case, the accelerated particle impacts a target material, potentially knocking free protons or neutrons and making a new element or isotope. Nuclear reactors also may be used for creating elements, although the conditions are less controlled. In nature, new elements are created by adding protons and neutrons to hydrogen atoms within the nucleus of a star, producing increasingly heavier elements, up to iron (atomic number 26). This process is called nucleosynthesis. Elements heavier than iron are formed in the stellar explosion of a supernova. In a supernova gold may be transformed into lead, but not the other way around. While it may never be commonplace to transmute lead into gold, it is practical to obtain gold from lead ores. The minerals galena (lead sulfide, PbS), cerussite (lead carbonate, PbCO3), and anglesite (lead sulfate, PbSO4) often contain zinc, gold, silver, and other metals. Once the ore has been pulverized, chemical techniques are sufficient to separate the gold from the lead. The result is almost alchemy.

A topic from your personal knowledge and experience Essay

A topic from your personal knowledge and experience - Essay Example In other words, how their lives affects others. My philosophy of life involves this premise. In a world that is beautiful, exciting and mysterious yet can be brutally unfair, who I am is determined by how my life, my words and actions affect the world and the people in it. This is all I can really control, the person I choose to be. The person that some one chooses to be depends on an almost infinite number of factors including how and where they were raised, environmental influences, choices regarding philosophical thought and, in part, genetic predispositions. However, since the dawn of the internet, people from every part of the world have realized that they can indeed think very much alike those that have had very different life experiences. This proves, I suppose, that where you start does not indicate where you will end up, philosophically speaking. Some do not look at life and the world in the same way as their parents, friends or ethnic group see it, yet some do. It is for higher minds to ponder the reasons for why a person believes what they do but one thing is certain, the path there is very complex and unique to every individual. The roots of my philosophy towards life begin with the Bible yet I do not consider my self Christian, far from it. As a youth, I found the words of Christ simple, to the point and ultimately a path to inner contentment. A life philosophy, I have found, is an evolving viewpoint based on what we learn as we travel through the roller coaster that is life. The Bible gave me the foundation of what I have built upon since my youth. Other philosophies, whether from religions or various ‘wise men,’ that I have read do not contradict, in fact they support the tenets from the book I began with. All books of philosophical content are written as a guideline to happiness. Isn’t an individual’s

Human Resources Management - Highway Stores Ltd Essay

Human Resources Management - Highway Stores Ltd - Essay Example However, there are areas of significant importance – like training – that have been excluded from the control of Personnel Department and are organized into separate units within the organization. Due to the above phenomenon as well as to the delays in the firm’s development – which have been caused by the dysfunction of the Personnel Department – the examination and the evaluation of the role of the latter have been considered as necessary especially given the extremely competitive conditions that characterize the UK market. Current Personnel Function of Highway Stores Ltd is based in the firm’s head office in Midlands. Furthermore, the specific department comprises a Personnel Manager, a Personnel Officer and 3 Personnel Administrators. The main duties of the staff include the control of all issues related to the firm’s human resource management except the payroll sector which has been incorporated in the Finance Department. The Personnel Function reports directly to the Legal Director. Another significant problem is created by the fact that there is not a specific provision for the training of the head offices’ personnel (training programs as designed and developed by the Training function involves only the employees of the store network). On the other hand, the Personnel function has not proceeded to the design and implementation of a specific problem-solving procedure but there is a standard internal policy that whenever a problem arises, a guidance is issued. Moreover, the lack of appropriate qualifications of the Personnel staff can be viewed as a severe disadvantage of the specific department while due to this fact, most of the problems arising in the human resources field have to be faced by the only qualified person of the department, its Manager. It’s for this reason that Personnel Manager is not available for his managers whenever his intervention is requested by the  Personnel staff.  

OCCUPATIONAL BACK INJURIES DURING MANUAL HANDLING OF MATERIAL Essay

INDEX PAGE INTRODUCTION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 ERGONOMICS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 OBJECTIVES OF ERGONOMICS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 RESULTS OF ERGONOMIC APPLICATIONS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 THE BACK STRUTURE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 BACK AND BACK PROBLEMS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Back injuries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Causes of back injuries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 The following are common causes of back injuries:–  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 Back injury prevention  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Back injury-preventative techniques  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Techniques  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 Strategies  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 ORIGINAL LIFTING MODEL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Strain index (SI) =  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Action limit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 Maximum permissible limit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 Administrative controls  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Engineering controls  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Limitations of the NIOSH lifting model  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 LEGISLATIVE TRENDS: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES AND INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 CONCLUSION  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 APENDIX 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 REFERENCES  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 OCCUPATIONAL BACK INJURIES DURING MANUAL HANDLING OF MATERIAL INTRODUCTION Almost one third of all disabling injuries at work, temporary or permanent are related to manual handling of objects. Many of these incidents are avoidable and are the consequence of inadequate or simplistic bio-mechanical task analysis. Injuries associated with manual materials handling have grown substantially and are currently estimated to exceed several billion dollars annually in the USA. In addition to the compensation costs are the tremendous costs associated with the suffering of the impaired workers. Manual material handling injuries can result from lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling or carrying objects while performing activities . Some of the most traumatic and costly manual material handling injuries impact on the back, more specifically the lower back has been the area of concern in most studies examining the low back pain associated with manual material handling. Lifting, handling and dragging loads involve a good deal of static effort, enough to classify as h... ... are not included.5 LEGISLATIVE TRENDS: STANDARDS, GUIDELINES AND INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES Ever since the 19th century, government bodies in the developed nations have attempted, for social as well as economic reasons, to influence the way industry runs itself. Industries now have to comply with regulations, which limit worker exposure to the health - threatening aspects of their job. The requirement for good working conditions is not a new one. The Occupational Health and Safety Act of 1970 requires all employees to â€Å"provide their employees with a workplace free from recognised serious hazards† irrespective of whether these hazards are covered by specific standards. If poor ergonomics constitutes a hazard, then employers are required to act. Ergonomic Safety and Health Management Rules specify what constitutes an â€Å"ergonomic hazard† and what actions to take to remove the hazard. The rules assist employers in complying with already existing legislation.4 CONCLUSION Through compliance with legislative trends, understanding of the back structure, and Health and Safety training programmes, the universal prevalence of occupational back injuries can be reduced and even prevented.

The Battle Against Human Trafficking in Europe : Policy Evaluation

The Battle Against Human Trafficking in Europe: Policy Evaluation Samira Misra Webster University Abstract This paper seeks to evaluate the policies of the European Union directed at combatting human trafficking in all its forms. The current plans of the European Commission and the United Nations are presented, and the rationale behind them is scrutinized. Research shows that the European Union recognizes the problem of human trafficking as a complete denial of human rights, and proposes action to bring to justice the responsible persons.The European Unions perspective is one based on the pillars of democracy: freedom, transparency, the law, and security. This paper argues that the aforementioned perspective is not sufficient in ameliorating the situation. It proposes a broader approach to the construction and design of a comprehensive strategy, encompassing the root causes underlying human trafficking, as well. The chief weaknesses of current policy appear to be its implementation, and EU wide co-ordination.With the identification of these weaknesses, this paper proposes significant reform by regulatory agencies for tangible action against the catastrophic reality of the trafficking trade. Ana, a girl from Quito, Ecuador fell in love with her husband at the young age of 20. What she thought would be the best decision of her life, ended up leading her to living in a nightmare. Her husband worked at a brothel in Quito, hiding his profession from Ana. Ana left her husband, along with her toddler, and moved in with her mother jobless. She soon met the owner of a small salon, a lady who would talk about Europe, and the lifestyle of the people there.Ana quickly became starry-eyed and accepted an offer to move to Paris to make money. She was completely unaware of what lay ahead. When she reached Paris, she came to know that no job awaited her, other than prostituting herself on the streets to pay back her debts for her trip to Paris. Her pimps collected most of the m oney she made, and escape was too risky as the trafficking networks were systematic and even connected with law enforcement. Ana did not return to Ecuador for three years, and lived her life, risking it every single day just to make ends meet. This is only ne of thousands of horror stories of the victims of human trafficking (Knierim, 2012). According to the United Nations Office of Drugs & Crime (UNODC), human trafficking is defined as the: The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, s lavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. (UNODC, 2012). The sex trafficking industry has become the fastest growing industry in the world, and offenders continue to slip between the cracks of the legislative system (UNHCR, 2010). Data indicates that the number of trafficked victims detected in 2006, in West and Central Europe was 7,300 (UNODC, 2006, p. 229).Transcrime suggests a multiplier of 20 for every victim detected, which means that it is estimated that the actual statistic is 20 times what is known, This leads to a possible statistic of 140,000 victims in Europe. It is hard to say what should cause greater concern, the staggering numbers (which are a conservative estimation), or the fact that the trafficking industry continues to boom. Most trafficked victims in Europe come from Balkan countries, and from Russia. Europe also shows the largest number of nationalities of victims than any other region of the world.Victims are recruited into the sex trafficking trade through force, misrepresentation, false promises and coercion. Young, vulnerable women are lured into traps through promises of opportunities such as jobs, study abroad programs, modelling careers, vacations and the like. Research shows that acquaintances, friends or relatives largely conduct recruitment within Europe. (UNODC, 2010, p. 225) Human trafficking is a deeply complex, and multi-faceted issue. It has three main dimensions: criminal, human rights, and socio-economic.In order to effectively combat human trafficking in the European Union, measures that tackle all aspects need to be devised and implemented. This essay will seek to illustrate that the European policies thus far have taken a very limited viewpoint to the challenges of trafficking, and need to extend their vision to incorporate solutions to the root causes of the sex trade. In the first part of this paper, the policies (to date) to fight trafficking will be examined, as well as the rational e they stem from.The second part will identify the main problems with these policies, and propose changes necessary for the EU to effectively confront the prevalence of trafficking. European Union Policy European Commission In the past decade, the widespread problem of human trafficking has gained increasing media attention. However, this rise in media coverage does not imply an increased effort for measures to be taken. Rather, it triggers a false sense that enough is being to combat trafficking. Yet still, few nations remain immune to its adverse effects. Most countries are source countries, transit countries, or destination countries.It is important to note that within Europe, every nation has its own policy framework against the issue, but scrutinizing each system is beyond the scope of this research paper. For the argument, which this essay seeks to propose, it is more useful to examine the policies of European organizations dedicated solely to trafficking. The discussion will be a chronological presentation of the steps taken by the European Union. The role of the European Commission (EC) is to propose legislation in the collective interest of the EU, as well as assist in its implementation.Usually, the commission initiates legislation to meet requirements under EU treaties. In May 2003, under the Brussels Declaration on human trafficking, a policy framework was introduced, which recognized the importance of addressing the human rights violations of trafficking that threatened the freedom and security of victims. It called for cooperative action on regional, national, and international levels by governments, regulatory bodies and NGOs. Thereafter, in 2004 a EU directive was issued Directive2004/81), and introduced a â€Å"reflection period† in which victims could recover without being deported for illegal migration. If they decided to cooperate with enforcement officials and provided concrete information about their traffickers, they would be gran ted a temporary residence permit through which they could pursue education and career opportunities (European Commission, 2004, p. 261). Although the EC released some policy statements between 2004 and 2011, there were very few noticeable changes in strategy. More recently, the EC has taken a supposedly comprehensive initiative against this phenomenon.In 2011, the European Parliament established a framework outlining legal punitive measures concerning trafficking offences, as well as preventive measures to aid victims (Directive2011/36/EU). Under this policy, offenders of trafficking (including partial participants aiding in the process) were subject to five to ten years of imprisonment depending on the crimes they committed. Furthermore, the Directive stated, â€Å"Member States may decide not to prosecute or impose penalties on victims  of trafficking in human beings for their involvement in criminal activities which they have been compelled to commit. † (European Commiss ion, 2011, p. 01). The aftercare procedures consisted of the possible provision of accommodation, medical care, and interpretation and translation services. Children were required to receive psychological assistance and access to education. All victims were required to be protected sufficiently from abusers and trauma. Preventive measures highlighted by Directive2011/36/EU included education and awareness initiatives, and training for police in identification of offenders and victims. The main improvement in this directive from the last version was that it had broadened the definition of trafficking to include more forms of exploitation.The Directive2011/36/EU demonstrates an approach largely concerned with the criminal and human rights violation aspects of human trafficking, but ignores the circumstantial aspect (the socio-economic conditions which lead people to trafficking). According to the Directive’s understanding, trafficking of persons is first and foremost an absolut e negation of basic human rights for the immense physical and psychological abuse endured by victims. Secondly, it is a criminal offense (or several) on the part of the ffenders, as they partake in heinous crimes of violence, oppression, and cruelty, which trivialize the worth of a human life. The latest strategy was released in June 2012, when the EC adopted the, â€Å"EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings (2012-2016). † This strategy essentially puts forward detailed concrete steps to meet the aims of the previous Directive2011/36/EU. Main objectives of the agenda are identification and protection of victims, increased legal action against offenders, enhanced coordination and cooperation of states in policy implementation, and increased preventive measures.The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings can only be analyzed conceptually for shortcomings as it has just been put into place. However, despite periodic revision s, it is clear that the EC’s view remains essentially unchanged. The outlook continues to be concerned with law enforcement and organized crime (European Commission, The EU Strategy towards the Eradication of Trafficking in Human Beings, p. 4-6). United NationsOther than the EC, the United Nations also recognizes human trafficking as a pressing concern for the international community, and acknowledges its duty to mobilize Member States to act against it. In 2002, the UN TIP Protocol (also known as Palermo Protocol) was adopted by the United Nations to â€Å"†¦prevent, suppress, and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children† (U. N, 2002, p. 1). In December 2003, this protocol came into effect, signed by 117 countries. The UNODC is responsible for upholding the Palermo protocol.Additionally, the UNODC launched its Blue Heart Campaign, directed at increasing awareness and involvement in combatting the trafficking trade. Evaluation Sex trafficking i s a complex issue, which requires an in-depth analysis and understanding of the various dimensions of the problem. The phenomenon of trafficking is immoral and unethical on numerous counts, and therefore the fight against it must confront them all. After a closer insight into the sex trade, it can be reiterated that there are socio-economic, criminal and uman rights standards our society is based on, all of which human trafficking neglects. This section identifies the key loopholes in current anti-trafficking procedures. Data Collection A rather significant issue, which inherently cripples the efficiency of policy-making, is the lack of data on human trafficking. This expresses a concern not with the content of the policies, but rather with the construction of policies, as knowledge of the nature of trafficking remains incomplete. â€Å"Concrete, reliable data on human trafficking is an essential basis for all good programs, interventions, policy and legislation.Without this data i t is not possible to know the extent or the true nature of the trafficking problem, nor understand the complexity of the issues involved. As a result, practitioners and policy-makers are unable to act and react appropriately and effectively†(International Centre for Migration Policy Development, 2008, p. 205). There are several reasons for the dearth of empirical data and statistics. Perhaps the most noteworthy reason is the unwillingness of victims to come forward and report the crimes committed against them.This is because they fear for their personal safety, or fear being prosecuted for crimes such as illegal immigration, prostitution or drug abuse. In extreme cases, victims are monitored by offenders and do not have the access to law enforcement. Other contributing factors are obstacles in legal frameworks, poor data collection methodologies, and reluctance of agencies to share their information. This undermines the foundation upon which policies are devised. Approach to c ombatting trafficking EC policies against trafficking largely ignore problems such as gender inequality, race and class differences.The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates that 43% of trafficking victims are used for forced commercial sexual exploitation, of which 98% are female (ILO, 2008, p. 3). Although Europe has long recognized the importance of gender equality, it does not view the problem of human trafficking as representative of gender inequality. Trafficking predominantly affects women, and it is because women are disadvantaged compared to men in society, that they are more susceptible to becoming victims. The leading cause of trafficking is the desperate need of potential victims to flee from poor standards of living.Presently, the EU is not taking sufficient measures to support the empowerment of disadvantaged (impoverished, uneducated, ethnic minorities, etc. ). The harsh EU migration and border laws limit the options women have for better prospects. This ca n (sometimes) be the reason for women seeking illegitimate and unregulated forms of escape. The argument propositioned here, is that thus far, the EU has taken a closed view of trafficking, and has designed policies aimed at short- term â€Å"band aid† solutions, and has failed to devise long term strategies to eliminate the conditions which cause people to resort to risky and life-threatening behavior.In addition, these short- term policies are not gender responsive either, and lack mechanisms to help women (specifically) overcome their susceptibility to such crimes. Human trafficking is a result of a chain of events based on unjust social and economic environments, to which women frequently fall victim. Women are physically weaker and hence more vulnerable to physical harm. In addition, the cultural and societal norms (e. g. gender stereotypes, and social roles) that surround most women aggravate the likelihood of the exposure to crimes against them.As of now, gender equali ty policies apply mainly to EU citizens, whereas most victims of trafficking are non- EU citizens. It is counterproductive to have policies seeking to ensure equal rights, which fail to extend to outsiders (even illegal immigrants). Current anti-trafficking measures have been said to be â€Å"collateral damage†, as they explicitly authorize government action against victims such as deportation, and prosecution for petty crimes (Uhl, 2010, p. 122). These ostensibly supportive measures are in effect punitive for women and discourage them from seeking help.Surprisingly, nearly half of trafficking recruiters are also women. Female victims, desperate to find an escape from the unfathomable abuse, become exploiters over time (UNODC, 2010, p. 227). Policies addressing the socio-economic problems faced by women in areas of unemployment, welfare, education, immigration etc. would empower them, and prove more productive in tackling the issue from preventive, punitive and rehabilitative aspects. In essence, the European Union fails to recognize that human trafficking is partially the end result of societal gender inequalities.Although there are separate initiatives battling gender inequality, under social agendas, the European Union can ‘kill two birds with one stone’ by incorporating these measures in fighting trafficking as well. Rathgeber (2002) asserts, â€Å"Integrated and operational structures need to be developed†¦to counteract the feminization of poverty (p. 163). Academic critics of European trafficking policies (such as Rathgeber and Askola) endorse integration of strategy and procedures to overcome social gaps such as economic class, gender, or race. LegislationThe next key shortcoming in the European policy is the implementation of legislation. Although laws have been passed deeming trafficking of humans as punishable, few nations have used them to convict perpetrators. The implementation of the law so far has been lacks, which coul d only have further discouraged victims to come forward and testify. Despite the European Commissions view of trafficking from a crime and justice standpoint, enforcement officers are not equipped with the proper tools for identification and protection of victims, and not all legal institutions are equipped with legislative frameworks.Frequently, victims are offered through front businesses such as beauty salons, massage parlors or escort services, which make it hard for police officers to diagnose as trafficking rings. The United States Department of Health & Human Services (2008) reports that often victims do not consider themselves to be victims, because they are unaware of their rights and are kept too isolated from communication to be informed of the action they can take. In addition, in Eastern European countries, as well as a few others, trafficking rings are so well connected, that they branch as far out as law enforcement authorities.This could mean that police officials ar e willing to either turn a blind eye to, or participate in criminal activity. In order to have legislation actually serve its purpose, European policies must categorize concrete ways for the identification of offenders and victims. Law enforcement agencies assume that there are clear, visible signs of trafficking activity such as locked doors, low sanitary standards, same working and living space, etc. Rather than relying on superficial symptoms like these, Uhl (2010) suggests that victims can be better detected through a profile, or characteristics based on demography and behavior (p. 23). Identification ties back into being able to recognize that particularly vulnerable slice of society- uneducated and poverty stricken. Legal measures should also guarantee the protection of victims from criminal prosecution and not leave it to the judgment of the enforcement officer, or circumstances. The current Directive does not state this as a requirement, and these grey areas are considerable obstructions to effective execution of justice. According to the UNODC, law enforcement bodies also do not place sufficient priority on charging offenders, as they are aware that it rarely results in a conviction.A large majority of victims and witnesses are deported, or locked up for crimes, which makes their statements unusable in court proceedings. In addition, offenders disappear under the radar and are known to flee the country as well. The failure of legislation is result of other shortcomings, rather than a shortcoming in itself. Each inefficiency snowballs to make the presence of legislative tools futile. Harmonization It seems sound to assume that the European Commissions policies reflect uniform standards between nations because they claim to act in the interest of the European Union.However, this is not the case. Although, the EC has the same anti-trafficking strategy for all its members, different states interpret and enforce the policy differently, and some states simp ly do not uphold the EU standard. The absence of co-ordination and co-operation is yet another way in which convicted offenders escape investigation in court. The initial intention of the strategy is lost across borders, as states continue to pick and choose slices of strategy to administer.This is principally dependent on the level of regulation in each country, as well as on national priorities. In several source countries, especially in the Balkans, corruption is widespread and dishonest officials often work with traffickers or turn a blind eye to unlawful acts (Rathgeber, 2002, p. 153). By definition, what constitutes trafficking also varies from country to country. Some definitions include several forms of exploitation (e. g. bad labor conditions), while others only deal with more severe forms.Therefore, the Directive, which is supposed to tackle the same form of trafficking in a dependable way across nations, ends up being translated to suit specific national standards such as border control, labor conditions, migration law, and sexual morality (Askola, 2007, p. 214). A tentative solution is the establishment of a regulatory legislative body in charge of enforcing the correct application of strategies of the European Commission. Its branches should be established in Member States to regularly monitor execution in accordance with the EU standards.Moreover, the strategies need to avoid ambiguities, which encourage nations to modify implementation. The Directive2004/81 allows for authorities to determine whether temporary residence should be granted or not, based on specific circumstances. In having such loopholes, enforcement bodies become more occupied with the determination of these circumstances, and less with the primary objective of assistance and rehabilitation. European countries have shown limited understanding of trafficking as an issue in itself, despite all the research and analysis there is available on the subject.When examining European Commi ssion approaches to social and economic discrepancies across EU nations, it is evident that there are programs in place, which are built with the primary purpose of establishing equality, and eradicating hierarchy based on gender and class. However, these steps have been relatively ineffective, and lack synchronization across borders. Trafficking is one of the outcomes of the failure of the EU’s measures against poverty, income inequality, lack of welfare and benefit programs, and social services for children, education opportunities, psychotherapy and medical assistance, and rehabilitation.It is these dire circumstances that create desperation for money and through it, the prospect of an improvement in living standards. Conclusion Human trafficking is a problem, interlinked to several existing social, political, geographical and economic disadvantages. In order to formulate a comprehensive response to control the proliferation of trafficking, and the tragic outcomes on victi ms, the European Union must pay heed to the social and economic root causes.The strategies of the past decade reflect a generally conservative approach, as well as one that deals with trafficking as a problem in it, rather than a problem resulting from several other problems. There is little real improvement in the progressive refinement of EU policies. The European Commission has recognized the scope of the problem, and urgency to combat human trafficking, yet the measures are proving unsuccessful. Rather than portraying human trafficking as merely a variation of organized crime, it is critical to acknowledge its social, political, economic and criminal aspects as well.Human trafficking is an outcome of failed social measures, ones that are not directed to fighting the conditions from which it arises. Synchronization and coordination between European nations are the first steps to remodeling strategy design and enhancing the influence of legislation. Gender sensitivity and assistan ce to women should be a top priority in EU policy, to help women shift from their underprivileged position in society. From an evaluative perspective, until these actions are taken, we are likely to see iterative adjustments to current EU policies with little advancement in the right direction.References Askola, H. (2007). Violence against women, trafficking, and migration in the European Union. European Law Journal, 13(2), 204-217. Doi:10. 1111/j. 1468-0386. 2007. 00364. x Cochintu, I. , Tutunaru, L. , Stoicu, N. , & Valea, D. (2011). International cooperation against human trafficking. Juridical Current, 14(2), 78-86. Nieuwenhuys, C. , & Pecoud, A. (2007). Human trafficking, information campaigns, and strategies of migration control. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(12), 1674-1695. Rathgeber, C. (2002). The victimization of women through human trafficking – An aftermath of war?.European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law & Criminal Justice, 10(2/3), 152-163. doi:10. 1163/15718 1702401475340 Skrivankova, K. (2006). Combating trafficking in human beings. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, 20(1/2), 229-232. doi:10. 1080/13600860600705135 Surtees, R. (2008). Handbook on anti-trafficking data collection in south-eastern Europe: Developing Regional Criteria. Uhl, B. (2010). Lost in implementation? Human rights rhetoric and violations — A critical review of current European anti-trafficking policies. Security & Human Rights, 21(2), 119-126. Action against trafficking in human beings. † 47 Countries – 800 million citizens – Council of Europe. N. p. , n. d. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. . Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. (2012). European Commission Strategy Directive 2011/36/EU of the European parliament and of the Council: On preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its Victims and repl acing Council Framework Decision 2002/629/JHA. 2011). Official Journal of the European Union. â€Å"Europe & Me – Human Trafficking in Europe†. Europe & Me Magazine . N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Dec. 2012. . â€Å"La Strada International. † La Strada International. N. p. , n. d. Web. 02 Nov. 2012. . Trafficking in persons to Europe for sexual exploitation. (2011). Trends in Organized Crime, 14(2/3), 224-234. doi:10. 1007/s12117-011-9136-y

Chinua Achebe’s Novel Things Fall Apart - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 634 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: Novel Essay Things Fall Apart Essay Did you like this example? â€Å"The white man is very clever†¦He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart. † Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart is a prime example of African literature that demonstrates the clash between cultures and peoples that occurred across the African continent as a consequence of European colonialism. This arward winning novel illustrates the conflict occurring during the period of British colonization of Africa. The novel is told from the perspective of the native people of Ibo. The novel is set in Umuofia, in Nigeria, in an area where their culture is indigenous to the Ibo people. In â€Å"Things  Fall Apart† it seems that the African Ibo  culture was strong and functional, such as in its  religious beliefs  and customs, government, economic, and social coherence. The order of Ibo society became interrupted and began to unravel when the white missionaries entered Africa and introduced Christianity. Okn owko, the protagonist  Ã‚  in Things Fall Apart, is the representation of the  African Ibo  society and throughout the novel he begins to unravel just as the society. In â€Å"Things  Fall Apart† different aspects of the  African Ibo  society began to  fall apart  such as the  religious beliefs, the government, and the economic system. Oknowko’s representation in the novel leads one to believe that the society was strong. His status was based on individual merit not on heritage. He was born from a poor family and his  belief system  was strong. He strived to represent the economic stability with The government was basically democratic. The white men took cruel measures in imposing their power. The Ibo society had no centralized government. It is capable to say that the struggles and conflicts throughout the novel are aligned with the society and Oknowno. The Ibo society had become a thriving economical society. There were changes due to the entran ce of the white man, it was no longer the same society that had been know to the Ibo people. The structure of the societies governmentfell apart  because of the white mans court and could not recover from this drastic change. The elders were mainly in rule and other groups played their roles in the government process, such as the secret societies that were masked men who sat and listened to judicial issues and made verdicts when necessary. The period of colonization disrupted the order of societies roles in the economic development that had been indigenous to their culture. The white courts disregarded the Ibos customs about land. The arrival of the English laws alters the Ibos way of life with regard to the adhering to the rules of the society. These things became great valued and brought a lot of money into Umuofia. Kiaga approached two outcasts and told them they must shave their hair in order to let go of their heathen beliefs. In conclusion, as one can see, the religion, gove rnment, and the traditional economic development of the Ibo society  fell apart. Ibo  culture was strong and functional, such as in its  religious beliefs  and customs, government, economic, and social coherence. The order of Ibo society became interrupted and began to unravel when the white missionaries entered Africa and introduced Christianity. Oknowko, the main character in the novel, is the representation of the  African Ibo  society and throughout the novel he begins to unravel just as the society. In â€Å"Things  Fall Apart† different aspects of the  African Ibo  society began tofall apart  such as the  religious beliefs, the government, and the economic system. Oknowko’s representation in the novel leads one to believe that the society was strong. His status was based on individual merit not on heritage. He was born from a poor family and his  belief system  was strong. He strived to represent the economic stability with fell apart. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Chinua Achebe’s Novel Things Fall Apart" essay for you Create order